Character Archetypes: 12 That Will Strengthen Your Storytelling

Uncover the power of classic character archetypes to craft characters that linger in your readers’ minds long after they’ve put the book down.

By Natasha Khullar Relph

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As human beings, we often resort to mental categorizations in an attempt to bring order to the chaos around us. It’s a way of navigating the intricacies of our world and providing a sense of structure. As we mature, we understand the limitations of relying on these mental boxes for judging individuals. In the realm of fiction, however, a masterful deployment of these constructs to create compelling and relatable characters can transform them into powerful narrative tools.

Character archetypes serve as valuable assets in your novel or screenwriting. They allow you to construct, question, or challenge readers’ assumptions. When handled skillfully, they enhance the overall reading experience.

Let’s talk about the primary character archetypes in fiction and how to employ them effectively.

What are character archetypes?

Character archetypes are recurring patterns or universal roles that appear across different stories, myths, and cultures, representing fundamental personality traits, behaviors, and motivations.

The different archetypes serve as templates or models for characters, embodying specific qualities or personality types that resonate with audiences. The most common character archetypes are:

1. The ruler
2. The creator/artist
3. The sage
4. The innocent
5. The explorer
6. The rebel
7. The hero
8. The magician
9. The jester/the joker
10. The everyman or common person
11. The lover
12. The caregiver

What’s the difference between archetypes, stereotypes, stock characters, and clichés?

Archetypes provide foundational roles for rich character development. On the other hand, stereotypes, stock characters, and clichés often rely on simplicity, repetition, or predictability, potentially sacrificing complexity and originality in storytelling.

The challenge for storytellers is to use archetypes as building blocks for nuanced characters while avoiding the drawbacks of stereotypes, stock characters, and clichés.

• Archetypes: Universal character models reflecting fundamental human traits.

• Stereotypes: Simplified and generalized representations based on cultural assumptions, such as nerds or jocks.

• Stock Characters: Consistent, recurring characters lacking depth for easy recognition.

• Clichés: Overused expressions or elements lacking originality, often predictable in storytelling. For example, a mad scientist or the damsel in distress.

Common character archetypes to use in your writing

Character archetypes come in various counts, but here we’ll focus on psychologist Carl Jung’s classic 12 archetypes. According to Jung, these character archetypes come from the collective unconscious and offer a flexible toolkit for creating characters. You can mix and match them to craft distinct and compelling personalities.

1. The ruler

Meet the Ruler archetype—whose character traits are all about leadership, authority, and taking charge. Characters that embody this archetype usually find themselves in power positions, keeping things in check, making decisions, and steering the crew toward a common goal. Picture someone decisive, organized, and oozing confidence, carrying a hefty sense of duty to protect their people.

Attributes of the Ruler archetype include:

• Leadership: Natural inclination to lead and take charge.
• Decisiveness: Ability to make tough decisions swiftly and confidently.
• Authority: Commanding presence and respect from others.
• Responsibility: Dedication to the well-being and success of their community or followers.
• Vision: Clear goals and a strategic outlook for the future.
• Fairness: Commitment to justice and equity in their decisions.
• Discipline: Imposition of structure and order within their domain.
• Confidence: Belief in their abilities and decisions, inspiring trust in others.
• Accountability: Willingness to take responsibility for the consequences of their actions.

Ruler types often embark on journeys that explore the challenges and responsibilities of leadership, such as the balance between power and empathy, and the sacrifices needed for the greater good. Their character arc might evolve from a quest for control or domination to a deeper understanding of true leadership and the importance of serving others.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include King Arthur (Arthurian Legends), Mufasa (The Lion King), Aragorn (The Lord of the Rings) and Padmé Amidala (Star Wars).

2. The creator/artist

This Jungian archetype is the epitome of creativity, innovation, and expression. Characters embodying this archetype are fueled by a profound desire to birth something new into existence—be it through art, invention, or groundbreaking ideas. They possess a robust imagination, a fervor for self-expression, and an innate knack for recognizing beauty and potential in their surroundings.

Attributes of the Creator/Artist archetype include:

• Creativity: A boundless imagination and the ability to generate new ideas.
• Passion: A deep, fervent love for their craft or creative pursuits.
• Expression: Using their art or inventions to convey emotions, messages, or beauty.
• Visionary: Seeing possibilities and potential where others might not.
• Originality: A commitment to uniqueness and breaking away from conventions.
• Curiosity: Constantly seeking inspiration and new experiences.
• Authenticity: Remaining true to their artistic vision and values.
• Perseverance: Dedication and persistence in refining their craft or ideas.

Characters embracing the Creator or Artist archetype often navigate journeys that dive into the challenges of creative expression, the quest for perfection, and the delicate balance between inspiration and practicality.

Along the way, they encounter hurdles like self-doubt, criticism, and the ongoing struggle to harmonize their artistic vision with societal expectations. Their narratives frequently orbit around the almost divine and transformative influence of art, exploring the profound impact of their creations on themselves and the world around them.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Willy Wonka (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory) and Jo March (Little Women).

3. The sage

The Sage archetype encompasses wisdom, insight, and profound understanding. Characters embodying this archetype frequently assume roles as mentors, advisors, or guides (the wise old man), providing others with valuable knowledge and guidance. They bring to the table a wealth of experience, introspection, and a serene demeanor, driven by a desire to share their wisdom for the greater good.

Attributes of the Sage archetype include:

• Wisdom: Profound knowledge gained through experience and reflection.
• Insight: Deep understanding of human nature, life, and the world.
• Guidance: Offering advice, mentorship, and counsel to others.
• Patience: Maintaining composure and understanding in challenging situations.
• Introspection: A habit of self-reflection and seeking inner truth.
• Listening skills: Attentive and empathetic listening to understand others’ needs.
• Clarity: Communicating wisdom in a clear and understandable manner.
• Humility: A modest and unassuming demeanor despite their knowledge.
• Long-term perspective: Considering the broader implications and consequences of actions.

Characters embodying the Sage archetype often undergo journeys that explore the challenges of imparting wisdom, the burden of knowledge, and the responsibility that comes with guiding others. They might face obstacles such as skepticism, self-doubt, or the struggle to balance sharing wisdom without imposing their beliefs. Their narratives often center on the transformative impact of their guidance on those they advise and the personal growth they undergo through these interactions.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Gandalf (The Lord of the Rings), Albus Dumbledore (Harry Potter series), Mr. Miyagi (The Karate Kid), The Oracle (The Matrix), and Obi-Wan Kenobi (Star Wars).

4. The innocent

The Innocent archetype, the opposite of the Corrupter, embodies purity, optimism, and a sense of childlike wonder. Characters who embody this archetype are often portrayed as naive, trusting, and free from worldly cynicism. They possess a natural goodness, a belief in the inherent good of people, and a desire for simplicity and happiness.

Attributes of the Innocent archetype include:

• Optimism: Seeing the world through a positive and hopeful lens.
• Pure-heartedness: A genuine and untainted nature, free from guile or cynicism.
• Playfulness: Embracing joy, curiosity, and a sense of wonder.
• Vulnerability: Openness and susceptibility to being influenced or hurt due to trusting nature.
• Naivety: Lack of experience or awareness of the darker aspects of life.
• Kindness: Displaying empathy and compassion toward others.
• Idealism: Holding onto ideals and a belief in a better world.
• Curiosity: A desire for exploration and discovery in the world.

Characters embodying the Innocent archetype often undergo journeys that explore themes of loss of innocence, the clash between idealism and reality, and the preservation of their purity in the face of adversity. They may often be the Chosen One in a quest and face challenges such as betrayal, disillusionment, or exploitation due to their trusting nature.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Forrest Gump (Forrest Gump), Charlie Bucket (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory), Mowgli (The Jungle Book), Scout (To Kill a Mockingbird), and Tiny Tim (A Christmas Carol).

5. The explorer

The Explorer archetype encapsulates the essence of adventure, curiosity, and an insatiable thirst for discovery. Characters embodying this archetype are compelled by a drive to explore new frontiers, be they physical, intellectual, or emotional. They exude a sense of independence, a longing for freedom, and a readiness to embrace the unknown.

Attributes of the Explorer archetype include:

• Curiosity: A strong desire to learn, discover, and seek out new experiences.
• Independence: A sense of self-reliance and a willingness to venture into the unknown alone.
• Adventurous spirit: Embracing challenges, risks, and the thrill of exploration.
• Open-mindedness: A willingness to accept different perspectives and cultures.
• Courage: Facing the unknown with bravery and determination.
• Resilience: Adaptability and perseverance in the face of obstacles or setbacks.
• Freedom: Valuing personal liberty and the absence of constraints.
• Wanderlust: A constant desire to travel, explore, and experience new things.

Characters embodying the Explorer archetype often undergo journeys that explore themes of self-discovery, personal growth through adventure, and the pursuit of freedom and authenticity. They might face challenges such as isolation, the temptation to settle, or the conflict between exploration and the comfort of familiarity. Their stories often revolve around the transformative power of exploration and the broadening of horizons.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Indiana Jones (Indiana Jones series), Hermione Granger (Harry Potter series), Doctor Who (Doctor Who series), Odysseus (The Odyssey), and Sherlock Holmes (Sherlock Holmes).

6. The rebel

The Rebel archetype epitomizes nonconformity, defiance against authority, and a quest for personal freedom or change. Characters embodying this archetype frequently challenge societal norms, revolt against established systems, and champion individuality or revolution.

Attributes of the Rebel archetype include:

• Nonconformity: Rejecting societal norms and established conventions.
• Defiance: Resisting authority or rules perceived as oppressive or unjust.
• Individuality: Embracing uniqueness and personal authenticity.
• Courage: Standing up for beliefs despite potential consequences.
• Challenge of status quo: Questioning established norms and systems.
• Idealism: Fighting for a cause or belief system they deeply care about.

Characters embodying the Rebel archetype often undergo journeys that explore themes of standing up against oppression, fighting for justice or change, and challenging societal structures. They can also often be the “bad boy” or anti-hero.

These characters might face obstacles such as persecution, isolation, or the struggle to balance their ideals with the consequences of their actions. A rebel’s stories often revolve around the transformational impact of their rebellion on themselves and the world around them.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Katniss Everdeen (The Hunger Games), Robin Hood (folklore), Han Solo (Star Wars), Batman (The Dark Knight), and Atticus Finch (To Kill a Mockingbird).

7. The hero

Arguably the most common character archetype, the Hero embodies courage, selflessness, and the guts to take on challenges for a noble goal or to rescue others. Characters embodying this archetype often undertake epic journeys, confront adversaries, and exhibit traits of bravery, determination, and moral integrity, but can also fall prey to arrogance and hubris.

This main character can often be a loner or lone wolf, if you will, becoming the driving force in a story, steering it towards triumph and valor.

Attributes of the Hero archetype include:

• Courage: Displaying bravery in the face of danger or adversity.
• Resilience: Endurance and determination in overcoming obstacles.
• Moral integrity: Upholding principles and doing what is right, even when difficult.
• Leadership: Inspiring and guiding others through their actions.
• Altruism: Acting for the benefit of others without expecting anything in return.
• Transformation: Undergoing personal growth or change through their journey.

Characters embodying the Hero archetype often undergo journeys that explore themes of self-discovery, facing inner and outer challenges, and the transformation from an ordinary individual into a symbol of heroism. They might face trials that test their resolve, encounter moral dilemmas, or struggle with self-doubt. Their stories often revolve around the heroic quest to protect, save, or bring about positive change in their world.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Harry Potter (Harry Potter series), Wonder Woman (DC Comics), Luke Skywalker (Star Wars), Jon Snow (Game of Thrones), and Simba (The Lion King).

8. The magician

The Magician archetype represents mastery of knowledge, transformation, and the knack for tapping into mystical forces for change or enlightenment. Characters embodying this archetype typically hold esoteric wisdom, wield formidable abilities, and play a guiding role in others’ transformative journeys.

Attributes of the Magician archetype include:

• Wisdom: Profound knowledge and understanding of universal truths.
• Mastery: Expertise in a particular craft, art, or field of knowledge.
• Intuition: Accessing deeper insights and understanding beyond the ordinary.
• Transformation: Facilitating change or growth in oneself or others.
• Visionary: Seeing possibilities and potentials others may not perceive.
• Alchemy: Turning challenges or obstacles into opportunities for growth.
• Spirituality: Connectedness to higher realms or spiritual dimensions.
• Manipulation of energy: Ability to work with unseen forces or energies for change.
• Balance: Maintaining equilibrium between the physical and spiritual realms.

Characters embodying the Magician archetype often undergo journeys that explore themes of self-discovery, unlocking hidden potentials, and guiding others through transformative experiences. They might face challenges such as misuse of power, temptation, or the responsibility of guiding others towards enlightenment.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Gandalf (The Lord of the Rings), Merlin (Arthurian Legends), Albus Dumbledore (Harry Potter series), Darth Vader (Star Wars).

9. The jester/the joker

The Jester archetype, also known as the fool, trickster, joker, practical joker, or comedian, embodies humor and wit to inject levity into serious situations. Characters embracing this archetype use humor to challenge norms, offer unconventional perspectives, and provide relief from tension or stress.

Often taking the form of sidekicks, they serve as comic relief, introducing humor and unpredictability to the narrative. These companions may shake up the protagonist’s perspectives, ensuring an entertaining storyline.

For example, Loki, the Norse mythology and Marvel Comics character, uses wit, mischief, and cunning to challenge authority and cause disruptions among both gods and mortals.

Attributes of the Jester/Joker archetype include:

• Humor: Using wit, jokes, or satire to entertain and provoke thought.
• Unconventionality: Challenging norms or conventions through humor.
• Playfulness: Embracing a lighthearted and carefree attitude.
• Disarming nature: Using humor to defuse tense or serious situations.
• Subversion: Questioning authority or established ideas through humor.
• Intelligence: Employing cleverness and quick thinking in comedic ways.
• Mischief: Engaging in playful or mischievous behavior for amusement.
• Masking pain: Using humor as a defense mechanism to cope with adversity.

Characters embodying the tropes from this archetype often use humor to cope with life’s challenges, defy societal norms, or offer unconventional wisdom. They might face obstacles such as being misunderstood or underestimated due to their playful nature.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include The Joker (Batman), Loki (Norse Mythology and Marvel Comics), Puck (A Midsummer Night’s Dream), Wizard (The Wizard of Oz), The Genie (Aladdin), and Deadpool (Marvel Comics).

10. The everyman or common person

The Everyman archetype represents the ordinary individual or the person next door who is relatable to the audience due to their commonality, typicality, and lack of exceptional traits. Characters embodying this archetype often serve as a lens through which audiences experience the narrative.

Attributes of the Everyman archetype include:

• Relatability: Reflecting the common traits, struggles, and experiences of the average person.
• Normalcy: Lack of extraordinary abilities or exceptional traits.
• Everyday challenges: Dealing with typical life difficulties and obstacles.
• Adaptability: Navigating through various situations without extraordinary skills.
• Representation: Serving as a surrogate for the audience to connect with the story.
• Empathy: Evoking empathy from audiences due to their relatability.
• Realism: Portraying authenticity and believability in their actions and decisions.

Characters embodying the Everyman archetype might face obstacles such as societal norms, personal doubts, or the struggle to find their place in the world. Their stories often revolve around the relatable aspects of the human experience and the significance of ordinary individuals in shaping narratives.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Charlie Bucket (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory), Jim Halpert (The Office), Arthur Dent (The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy), Ron Weasley (Harry Potter), and Anastasia (Anastasia).

11. The lover

The Lover archetype embodies passion, intimacy, and the quest for profound connections, be they romantic or otherwise. Characters representing this archetype typically prioritize relationships, emotional bonds, and the pursuit of love or harmony.

Attributes of the Lover archetype include:

• Passion: Exhibiting intense emotions and deep feelings towards others.
• Romanticism: Valuing love, intimacy, and emotional connections.
• Empathy: Understanding and connecting with the emotions of others.
• Devotion: Commitment and dedication to relationships or causes.
• Idealism: Seeking perfection or an idealized version of love.
• Sensual awareness: Appreciating and valuing physical senses and experiences.

Characters embracing the Lover archetype frequently grapple with challenges like heartbreak, unrequited love, or the managing of intense emotions. Their narratives often center around the transformative power of love, be it romantic, platonic, or through a deeper connection to life’s experiences. The love interest often plays a crucial role in shaping the main character’s emotional landscape.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Romeo and Juliet (Romeo and Juliet), Jack and Rose (Titanic), Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy (Pride and Prejudice), and Noah and Allie (The Notebook).

12. The caregiver

The Caregiver archetype epitomizes nurturing, compassion, and selflessness, placing a high priority on the well-being and support of others. These types of characters are frequently characterized by their role in offering care, guidance, and emotional support to those in need. This role can manifest in various relationships, such as parent, best friend, partner, teacher, mentor, guardian, or sibling. They are good characters, in that they’re always working in the service of others.

Attributes of the Caregiver archetype include:

• Nurturing nature: Displaying a natural inclination to care for and support others.
• Compassion: Feeling empathy and providing comfort to those in distress.
• Altruism: Actively seeking ways to assist and help others in need.
• Sacrifice: Willingness to give up personal comforts or desires for the sake of others.
• Advocacy: Standing up for the rights and well-being of others who may be vulnerable or in need.

Characters embracing the Caregiver archetype navigate journeys exploring sacrifice, compassion, and the delicate balance between their own needs and dedication to others. Along the way, they encounter obstacles like burnout, personal neglect, or the challenge of assisting those who may resist help. Their narratives center on the transformative impact of nurturing and selfless care, profoundly influencing the lives of those they touch.

Popular characters that fit this archetype include Mary Poppins (Mary Poppins), Marmee March (Little Women), Yoda (Star Wars), Hagrid (Harry Potter), and Samwise Gamgee (Lord of the Rings).

Joseph Campbell and character archetypes

Joseph Campbell, renowned for crafting “The Hero’s Journey,” also introduced character archetypes to literature in his influential work “The Hero With a Thousand Faces” (1949). Drawing inspiration from thinkers like Frazer and Jung, Campbell distilled eight archetypes inherent in the hero’s journey, creating a sort of masterclass in character dynamics:

1. Hero
2. Mentor
3. Ally
4. Herald
5. Trickster
6. Shapeshifter
7. Guardian
8. Shadow

His ideas significantly influenced Hollywood filmmakers, notably George Lucas, who structured the arc of Star Wars’ Luke Skywalker around Campbell’s theory.

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